Category Archives: Arts and Law

Many philosophers have conceived of schemas which present a dialectical perspective of the world. For example, Hegel utilized a model of ‘thesis, antithesis, synthesis’ to represent the progress of knowledge. Thesis is the initial representation of reality but this can … Continue reading →

The Enlightenment gave rise to the notion in Western societies that progress based upon human reason could enable mastery over the natural world. Thinkers such as John Gray suggest that this secular model of humanistic rationality has its roots in … Continue reading →

Existentialist philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre suggested that the world was divided into beings in themselves (en-soi) and beings for themselves (pour-soi). En-soi relates to inanimate and unconscious features of the material world such as rocks, trees and chairs, whilst pour-soi relates … Continue reading →

The Independent’s James Lawton often lapses into what could be termed the expertisience fallacy. That is, the conflation of experience with expertise. For example, he will endeavour to validate his opinion by highlighting that it is shared by a playing … Continue reading →

We asked two top footballing celebrities, Everpool Rovers’ coach Glenn Keegan and France 98 mascot, Footix: will England miss David Beckham in South Africa? YES: Beckham was arguably more important to England in 2010 than he was four years ago. … Continue reading →

Stream of consciousness is a well-established literary device. This approach to writing requires the author to convey thoughts as they run through their head (or the head of a character). As a result, the reader is provided access to the … Continue reading →

Referees are often given a hard time in contemporary football and this state of affairs may partly be attributable to religion. In monotheistic religions, such as Christianity, it is conceived that a transcendental omniscient creator, God, exists over and above … Continue reading →

I recently attended a fixture at Villa Park and sat in the corner of the North Stand behind the goal. A clear example of emergent behaviour became apparent as the match progressed. Emergence suggests that interactions between agents following local … Continue reading →